THE FUTURE OF CARS
I think as the future is getting near with technology,we need to catch up with some ideas that will make things much easier for everybody,Just think about the expenses you spend on fuel in a day going to work,still get assured you can get a electric car powered with battery.Normally car we use at present situation,battery is use to power the engine to start using gasoline.
What is Electric Car?
According to Wikipedia definition.....
A battery electric car is a plug-in electric automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy stored in rechargeable batteries
Since 2008, a renaissance in electric vehicle manufacturing occurred due to advances in batteries, concerns about increasing oil prices, and the desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Several national and local governments have established tax credits, subsidies, and other incentives to promote the introduction and now adoption in the mass market of new electric vehicles depending on battery size and their all-electric range. The current maximum tax credit allowed by the US Government is $7,500 per car. Compared with cars with internal combustion (IC) engines, electric cars are quieter and have no tailpipe emissions. When recharged by low-emission electrical power sources, electric vehicles can reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to IC engines. Where oil is imported, use of electric vehicles can reduce imports. However, a proper analysis of the overall benefit/efficiency of an electric vehicle must include what type of source was used to charge the battery, the energy required to make the battery, and the energy expended in disposing of it, in an environmentally sound manner.
Recharging can take up to an hour, however this amount of time is being reduced as the technology improves. A major limiting factor is that currently (2017) there is inadequate recharging infrastructure for long routes, though many owners use home charging stations instead of commercial infrastructure. Battery cost limits range and increases purchase cost over IC vehicles, but battery costs are decreasing. Drivers can also sometimes suffer from range anxiety – the fear that the batteries will be depleted before reaching their destination. – though, in 2018, ranges over 160 km (100 mi) are typical of new models; and some makers (Tesla; General Motors) offer models with real-world ranges well over 320 km (200 mi), which is comparable to the range of a gasoline-fueled car.
As of December 2015, there were over 30 models of highway legal all-electric passenger cars and utility vans available. Cumulative global sales of highway-capable light-duty pure electric vehicles passed one million units in total, globally, in September 2016.The Nissan Leaf is the world's all-time best-selling highway-capable electric car in history, with over 300,000 units sold globally by January 2018.Ranking second is the Tesla Model S with almost 213,000 units sold worldwide through December 2017.
1.Tesla Model S
What is Electric Car?
According to Wikipedia definition.....
A battery electric car is a plug-in electric automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy stored in rechargeable batteries
Since 2008, a renaissance in electric vehicle manufacturing occurred due to advances in batteries, concerns about increasing oil prices, and the desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Several national and local governments have established tax credits, subsidies, and other incentives to promote the introduction and now adoption in the mass market of new electric vehicles depending on battery size and their all-electric range. The current maximum tax credit allowed by the US Government is $7,500 per car. Compared with cars with internal combustion (IC) engines, electric cars are quieter and have no tailpipe emissions. When recharged by low-emission electrical power sources, electric vehicles can reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to IC engines. Where oil is imported, use of electric vehicles can reduce imports. However, a proper analysis of the overall benefit/efficiency of an electric vehicle must include what type of source was used to charge the battery, the energy required to make the battery, and the energy expended in disposing of it, in an environmentally sound manner.
Recharging can take up to an hour, however this amount of time is being reduced as the technology improves. A major limiting factor is that currently (2017) there is inadequate recharging infrastructure for long routes, though many owners use home charging stations instead of commercial infrastructure. Battery cost limits range and increases purchase cost over IC vehicles, but battery costs are decreasing. Drivers can also sometimes suffer from range anxiety – the fear that the batteries will be depleted before reaching their destination. – though, in 2018, ranges over 160 km (100 mi) are typical of new models; and some makers (Tesla; General Motors) offer models with real-world ranges well over 320 km (200 mi), which is comparable to the range of a gasoline-fueled car.
As of December 2015, there were over 30 models of highway legal all-electric passenger cars and utility vans available. Cumulative global sales of highway-capable light-duty pure electric vehicles passed one million units in total, globally, in September 2016.The Nissan Leaf is the world's all-time best-selling highway-capable electric car in history, with over 300,000 units sold globally by January 2018.Ranking second is the Tesla Model S with almost 213,000 units sold worldwide through December 2017.
1.Tesla Model S
.The Tesla Model S is a full-sized all-electric five-door, luxury liftback, produced by Tesla, Inc., and introduced on June 22, 2012. It scored a perfect 5.0 NHTSA automobile safety rating.The EPA official range for the 2017 Model S 100D, which is equipped with a 100 kWh (360 MJ) battery pack, is 335 miles (540 km), higher than any other electric car.
The EPA rated the 2017 90D Model S's energy consumption at 200.9 watt-hours per kilometer (32.33 kWh/100 mi or 20.09 kWh/100 km) for a combined fuel economy of 104 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (2.26 L/100 km or 125 mpgimp)..In 2016, Tesla updated the design of the Model S to closely match that of the Model X. As of October 2017, the following versions are available: 75D, 100D and P100D.
In 2013, the Model S became the first electric car to top the monthly new car sales ranking in any country, twice leading in Norway, in September and December 2013 and also in Denmark in December 2015.Global Model S sales passed the 200,000 unit milestone early in the fourth quarter of 2017. The U.S. is its leading market, with about 119,000 units delivered until December 2017.
The Tesla Model S was the top selling plug-in electric car worldwide in 2015 and 2016, and by the end of 2017 continued to rank as the second-most sold electric car in history after the Nissan Leaf.
The Tesla Model S was the 2013 World Green Car of the Year, 2013 Motor Trend Car of the Year, Automobile magazine's 2013 Car of the Year, Time Magazine Best 25 Inventions of the Year 2012 award and Consumer Reports top-scoring car in its road testing. In 2015, Car and Driver named the Model S the Car of the Century. After not recommending the Model S in 2015 due to poor reliability, one year later, Consumer Reports added the car to its recommended list.
2.Nissan Leaf
The Nissan Leaf is a compact five-door hatchback electric car manufactured by Nissan and introduced in Japan and the United States in December 2010, followed by various European countries and Canada in 2011. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) official range for the 2016 model year Leaf with the 30 kWh battery is 172 km (107 miles) on a full battery charge, while the trim with the smaller 24 kWh battery is 135 km (84 miles), the same as the 2014/15 model year. Leaf battery packs can be charged from fully discharged to 80% capacity in about 30 minutes using DC fast charging.
More than 300,000 Leafs have been sold worldwide through January 2018, making the Leaf the world's all-time best-selling highway-capable electric car in history. As of December 2017, the United States is the world's largest Leaf market with almost 114,827 sold, followed by Japan with almost 72,500 units, and Europe with almost 68,000. As of December 2016, the European market is led by Norway with over 19,400 new units registered, and the UK with 15,000 units by mid-September 2016. The Leaf was the world's best-selling plug-in electric car in 2013 and 2014.
As an all-electric car, the Nissan Leaf produces no tailpipe pollution or greenhouse gas emissions when in operation, and contributes to reduced dependence on petroleum. Among other awards and recognition, the Nissan Leaf has won the 2010 Green Car Vision Award, the 2011 European Car of the Year, the 2011 World Car of the Year, and the 2011–2012 Car of the Year Japan.
3.Toyota RAV4 EV
As an all-electric car, the Nissan Leaf produces no tailpipe pollution or greenhouse gas emissions when in operation, and contributes to reduced dependence on petroleum. Among other awards and recognition, the Nissan Leaf has won the 2010 Green Car Vision Award, the 2011 European Car of the Year, the 2011 World Car of the Year, and the 2011–2012 Car of the Year Japan.
3.Toyota RAV4 EV
The RAV4 EV is an all-electric version of the popular RAV4 SUV produced by Toyota. Two generations of the EV model were sold in California, and to fleets elsewhere in the USA, with a gap of almost ten years between them.
The first generation was leased from 1997 to 2003, and at the lessees' request, many units were sold after the vehicle was discontinued. A total of 1,484 were leased and/or sold in California to meet the state’s mandate for zero-emissions vehicle.A small number were sold or leased in fleet sales in other states. As of mid-2012, there were almost 500 units still in use in California. Production of the second generation EV was limited to 2,600 units during a three-year run, with sales limited to California beginning in 2012.Production ended in September 2014. A total of 2,489 units of the second generation model were sold in California through April 2015.Toyota worked together with Tesla Motors to develop the second generation RAV4 EV, and the electric SUV was released in the United States in September 2012.The US Environmental Protection Agency rated the second generation RAV4 EV with a combined range of 103 mi (166 km) and a combined fuel economy rating of 76 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (3.1 L/100 km).
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